Excel offers several error handling functions that can help you prevent data loss during calculations and ensure the integrity of your spreadsheets. Here's a breakdown of some common techniques:

1. IFERROR Function: This is a versatile tool for handling errors. It checks for errors in a formula and displays a custom message or value if an error occurs. Here's the syntax:

`=IFERROR(formula, value_if_error)`

* formula: The calculation you want to perform.
* value_if_error: The value or message to display if the formula results in an error.

For example, `=IFERROR(A1/B1, "Division by zero")` will display "Division by zero" if cell B1 is empty or contains a zero, preventing the #DIV/0 error and data loss.

2. ISERROR Function: This function checks if a formula results in an error and returns TRUE or FALSE. You can use it within other functions to control behavior based on errors.

* Syntax: `=ISERROR(formula)`

For instance, `=IF(ISERROR(A1/B1), "", A1/B1)` will only display the result of A1/B1 if there's no error, otherwise it displays an empty string.

3. Error Trapping with Nested IF Statements: You can create a chain of IF statements to check for specific errors and take appropriate actions. This allows for more granular control over error handling.

4. Data Validation: Proactively prevent errors by setting data validation rules. This restricts the type of data allowed in specific cells (e.g., only numbers, dates from a certain range).

5. Cell Formatting: Use conditional formatting to highlight cells with errors (e.g., #VALUE, #DIV/0) for easy identification and correction.

By incorporating these techniques, you can significantly reduce the risk of data loss due to errors in your Excel calculations. Remember to choose the error handling method that best suits your specific needs and the type of errors you anticipate encountering.