You are learning Cell Referencing in MS Excel
How to copy formulas with absolute references?
There are two main ways to copy formulas with absolute references in Excel:
Method 1: Using F4 Key
1. Enter your formula in the desired cell.
2. Make sure the cell references you want to lock as absolute are highlighted within the formula bar.
3. Press the F4 key on your keyboard. Each time you press F4, it cycles through different reference types:
- Relative (default): No dollar signs (e.g., A1+B1)
- Absolute column and relative row: Dollar sign before column only ($A1+B1)
- Absolute row and relative column: Dollar sign before row only (A$1+B1)
- Absolute reference: Dollar signs before both column and row ($A$1+$B$1)
4. Once you have the desired absolute references, press Enter to confirm the formula.
5. Copy the cell containing the formula with absolute references (e.g., Ctrl+C).
6. Paste the formula into other cells (e.g., Ctrl+V). The formula will be copied with the absolute references you defined.
Method 2: Manually Adding Dollar Signs
1. Enter your formula in the desired cell.
2. Click on the formula bar to edit the formula directly.
3. Manually add dollar signs ($) before the column letter and/or row number of the cell references you want to make absolute.
- For example, change `A1+B1` to `$A$1+$B$1` to make both cell references absolute.
4. Press Enter to confirm the formula with absolute references.
5. Copy the cell containing the formula (e.g., Ctrl+C).
6. Paste the formula into other cells (e.g., Ctrl+V). The formula will be copied with the absolute references you defined.
Both methods achieve the same result. Choose whichever method you find more convenient.